Vol. 18, No. 3, pp. 648-657 (2022)
COLD FORMED STEEL SHEAR WALL RACKING ANALYSIS THROUGH A MECHANISTIC APPROACH: CFS-RAMA
Jammi Ashok * and S. Arul Jayachandran
Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, India
*(Corresponding author: E-mail:This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)
Received: 10 June 2021; Revised: 13 December 2021; Accepted: 13 December 2021
DOI:10.18057/IJASC.2022.18.3.2
 View Article |
Export Citation: Plain Text | RIS | Endnote |
ABSTRACT
Cold-formed steel shear wall panels are an effective lateral load resisting system in cold-formed steel or light gauge constructions. The behavior of these panels is governed by the interaction of the sheathing - frame fasteners and the sheathing itself. Therefore, analysis of these panels for an applied lateral load (monotonic/cyclic) is complex due to the inherent non-linearity that exists in the fastener-sheathing interaction. This paper presents a novel and efficient, fastener based mechanistic approach that can reliably predict the response of cold-formed steel wall panels for an applied monotonic lateral load. The approach is purely mechanistic, alleviating the modelling complexity, computational costs and convergence issues which is generally confronted in finite element models. The computational time savings are in the order of seven when compared to the finite element counterparts. Albeit its simplicity, it gives a good insight into the component level forces such as on studs, tracks and individual fasteners for post-processing and performance-based seismic design at large. The present approach is incorporated in a computational framework - CFS-RAMA. The approach is general and thereby making it easy to analyze a variety of configurations of wall panels with brittle sheathing materials and the results are validated using monotonic racking test data published from literature. The design parameters estimated using EEEP (Equivalent Energy Elastic Plastic) method are also compared against corresponding experimental values and found in good agreement. The method provides a good estimate of the wall panel behavior for a variety of configurations, dimensions and sheathing materials used, making it an effective design tool for practicing engineers.
KEYWORDS
Cold formed steel, Shear wall panel, Mechanistic approach, Brittle sheathing, Monotonic racking, Equivalent energy elastic plastic
REFERENCES
[1] AISI-S213-07/S1-09, North American standard for cold-formed steel framing-lateral design, Washington DC: American Iron and Steel Institute. (2007 edition with supplement No.1).
[2] R. Serrette, J. Encalada, G. Hall, B. Matchen, H. Nguyen, A.Williams, Additional shear wall values for light weight steel framing, American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) Specifications, Standards, Manuals and Research Reports 47 (1997).
[3] C. Yu, Y. Chen, Detailing recommendations for 1.83 m wide cold formed steel shear walls with steel sheathing, Journal of Constructional Steel Research 67 (2011) 93–101.
[4] N. Balh, J. DaBreo, C. Ong-Tone, K. El-Saloussy, C. Yu, C. Rogers, Design of steel sheathed cold-formed steel framed shear walls, Thin-Walled Structures 75 (2014) 76–86.
[5] R. L. Tuomi, W. J. McCutcheon, Racking strength of light-framed nailed walls, Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE 104 (1978) 1131–1140.
[6] J. Easley, M. Foomani, R. Dodds, Formulas for wood shear walls, Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE 108 (1982) 2460–2478.
[7] W. J. McCutcheon, Racking deformations in wood shear walls, Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE 111 (1985) 257–269.
[8] R. Y. Itani, K. Chung, A. M. Cheung, Nonlinear analysis of sheathed wood diaphragms, Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE 110 (1985) 2137–2147.
[9] J. D. Dolan, R. O. Foschi, Structural analysis model for static loads on timber shear walls, Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE 117(3) (1991) 851–861.
[10] M. W. White, J. D. Dolan, Nonlinear shear wall analysis, Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE 121(11) (1995) 1629–1635.
[11] A. K. Gupta, G. P. Kuo, Modelling a wood framed house, Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE 113(2) (1987) 260–278.
[12] A. K. Gupta, G. P. Kuo, Wood framed shear walls with uplifting, Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE 113(2) (1987) 241–259.
[13] B. Folz, A. Filiatrault, A computer program for the cyclic analysis of shear walls in woodframe structures, CUREE W-08 (2002).
[14] B. Folz, A. Filiatrault, Cyclic analysis of wood shear walls, Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE 127(4) (2001) 433–441.
[15] L. A. Fülöp, D. Dubina, Design criteria for seam and sheeting-to framing connections of cold-formed steel shear panels, Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE 132(4) (2006) 582–590.
[16] L. Xu, J. Martinez, Strength and stiffness determination of shear wall panels in cold-formed steel framing, Thin Walled Structures 44 (2006) 1084–1095.
[17] L. Xu, J. Martinez, Simplified nonlinear finite element analysis of buildings with CFS shear wall panels, Journal of Constructional Steel Research 67 (2011) 565–575.
[18] L. Fiorino, D. G. Corte, R. Landolfo, Experimental tests on typical screw connections for Cold-formed steel housing, Engineering structures 29 (2007) 1761–1773.
[19] G. D. Corte, Lateral response of sheathed cold-formed shear walls an analytical approach, International Specialty Conference on Cold- Formed Steel Structures. 3 (2006).
[20] G. Buonopane, S, B. Bian, H. Tuna, T, W. Schafer, B, Computationally efficient fastener-based models of cold-formed steel shear walls with wood sheathing, Journal of Constructional Steel Research 110 (2015) 137–148.
[21] F. McKenna, G. Fenves, M. Scott, Open system for earthquake engineering simulation, University of California, Berkeley, CA. (2000).
[22] B. Karabulut, S. Soyoz, Experimental and analytical studies on different configurations of cold-formed steel structures, Journal of Constructional Steel Research 133 (2017) 535–546.
[23] L. C. Vieira, B.W. Schafer, Lateral stiffness and strength of sheathing braced cold-formed steel stud walls, Engineering Structures 37 (2012) 205–213.
[24] Chen, C.Y., Okasha,A. F., and Rogers, C. A. (2006). Analytical predictions of strength and deflection of light gauge steel frame/wood panel shear walls. Int. Conf. on Advances in Engineering Structures, Mechanics and Construction, Univ. of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada, 381–391.
[25] Y. L. Liew, E. F. Gad, C. F. Duffield, Modularized closed-form mathematical model for predicting the bracing performance of plasterboard clad walls, Structural Engineering and Mechanics 20(1) (2005) 45–47.
[26] C. S. McCreless, T. S. J. Tarpy, Experimental investigation of steel stud shear wall diaphragms, International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures. 9 (1978).
[27] M. Nithyadharan, V. Kalyanaraman, Behavior of cold-formed steel shear wall panels under monotonic and reversed cyclic loading, Thin-Walled Structures 60 (2012) 12–23.
[28] J. Ye, X. Wang, H. Jia, M. Zhao, Cyclic performance of cold-formed steel shear walls sheathed with double-layer wall boards on both sides, Thin-Walled Structures 92 (2015) 146–159.
[29] C.-L. Pan, M.-Y. Shan, Monotonic shear tests of cold-formed steel wall frames with sheathing, Thin-Walled Structures 49 (2011) 363–370.
[30] A. Rohatgi, Webplotdigitizer (2020). URL: https://automeris.io/ WebPlotDigitizer.
[31] D. A. Padilla-Llano, C. Ding, C. D. Moen, M. R. Eatherton, Advancing seismic simulation of cold- formed steel framed buildings, American Iron and Steel Institute, AISI Report RP15- 3 (2015).
[32] K.D.Peterman, N.Nakata, B.W.Schafer, Hysteretic characterization of cold-formed steel stud-to-sheathing connections, Journal of Constructional Steel Research 101 (2014) 254–264.
[33] Nithyadharan, Kalyanaraman, Experimental study of screw connections in CFS-calcium silicate board wall panels, Thin Walled Structures 49 (2011) 724–731.
[34] A. E. Branston, Development of a design methodology for steel frame / wood panel shear walls, Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Civil Engineering and Applied mechanics McGill University (2004).